Muscovites were continuing to brave the threat of arrest to lay flowers at an improvised memorial to the victims of a missile attack on the Ukrainian city of Dnipro, AFP journalists witnessed on Monday.
The rare criticism of Russia's almost year-long military campaign in Ukraine comes on the back of sweeping legislation that all but outlaws speaking out against the fighting.
Officials in Ukraine say at least 46 people were killed by a Russian attack on a residential building in Dnipro last week, in one of the deadliest attacks of Russia's military campaign to date.
Flowers and children's toys have already been cleared away several times at the base of a statue of Ukrainian poet Lesya Ukrainka in Moscow, but local residents have continued to pay their respects.
"How can I express how I feel about this tragedy? I want to express sympathy and offer condolences to the people who are suffering right now," Elena Ivanova, a mathematician, told AFP.
"There is no other option. This is the only way to protest," the 63-year-old said on Monday, laying flowers and crossing herself at the memorial.
OVD Info, a Russian human rights group that monitors the country's police, says that around five people have now been detained at the Moscow memorial.
Nearly 20,000 have been detained protesting the conflict since last February, according to the group.
Forty-year-old tour guide Alexander Voloshin stood at the monument silently for several minutes, his hat removed.
He said that as soon as he saw pictures of the memorial circulating online he was eager to come to "see with my own eyes that Muscovites sympathize, empathize."
"That there is a memorial dedicated to the victims in Ukraine, Ukrainians, and sympathy for them," he said.
"I've got a lot of friends in Ukraine, offline friends, relatives, and friends on the internet," he told AFP.
"And it is very important for them to know that there is sympathy, that there is some kind of protest against the nightmare."
The Kremlin has denied striking residential areas in Ukraine.
