Sergei Pykhtin, secretary of the party's Central Council, filed the complaint with Gagarinsky District Court, arguing that the registration denial was "illegal and unfounded," Interfax reported.
The court is to set a date to review the claim within a week, Pykhtin said.
If the court upholds the decision, Great Russia says it will seek deals with other parties to get its candidates a place in December's State Duma elections.
"One of the key questions concerns the party's participation in the State Duma elections. While continuing to fight to get the party registered, we will hold negotiations to place our candidates on the lists of other parties," party leader Andrei Savelyev wrote in a statement on the party's web site.
The Federal Registration Service cited "inconsistencies" in Great Russia's application in denying it registration, Interfax reported. The service said there were no statements from a number of people on party lists confirming that they had joined the party, and that regional membership lists contained the names of people who had died before the party's founding congress.
Party officials have charged that the service refused Great Russia registration at the Kremlin's behest.
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