Volodymyr Zelenskiy was at the height of his career as an actor and comedian before giving it all up to become president in 2019. After three difficult years in politics, he is now the face of national defiance, winning rave reviews as a war-time leader.
Since Russia's invasion last Thursday, the 44-year-old has used his eye for modern image management and the skills honed on stage to deliver stirring messages on social media.
On Feb. 25, the day after the outbreak of war, he filmed himself standing in the dark near the presidency building with his advisors, saying "we are all here" in an attempt to counter disinformation that he had abandoned his post.
"Our military is here. Citizens in society are here. We're all here defending our independence, our country, and it will stay this way," he said.
Looking sleep-deprived but occasionally smiling, he appeared without a bullet-proof vest or helmet despite repeated warnings that Russia intended to assassinate him and had even sent undercover hit squads to the capital.
The day after, this time in daylight, he posted another self-filmed video in front of the presidency in a khaki t-shirt and jacket.
The messages were appeals for national unity that sought to find a balance between lifting spirits, warning about the gravest danger to the country since 1941, while stressing the "indomitable" character of Ukrainians.
In a call with U.S. President Joe Biden, who offered him help if he needed to leave, the former stand-up artist reportedly deployed a pithy one-liner that has further embellished his reputation.
"The fight is here. I need ammunition, not a ride," Zelenskiy said, according to a tweet from the Ukrainian embassy in Britain.
And while speaking with EU leaders by video-call, he sought to marshall the emotional pull of his seemingly tragic position.
"This might be the last time you see me alive," the father-of-two told EU leaders while appealing for military aid, according to the Axios news website.
'Inner Churchill'
As well as becoming a focal point for Ukrainians as they seek to resist Russian occupation, Zelenskiy has shot to fame abroad.
Andrew Roberts, a historian and visiting professor at the Department of War Studies at King's College London, compared him to Winston Churchill when he took over as British Prime Minister during World War II.
"He is channelling an authentic inner Churchill," Roberts wrote in an email sent to AFP.
Roberts, who produced a biography of Winston Churchill in 2018 and is also the author of "Leadership in War: Essential Lessons from Those Who Made History" said there were several similarities.
He pointed to Zelensky's "incredible personal bravery" as well as "his ability to connect directly with his people" and "his uncompromising stance and belief in ultimate victory."
Writing Sunday in France's Journal du Dimanche newspaper, French philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy praised his "humor that does not leave him even though missiles are raining down."
Zelenskiy reminded him of other freedom fighters he had encountered who "learned how to wage war without loving it," Levy wrote.
"This man is now Putin's nightmare. He can, if we decide to help him by delivering guns, planes and defences that he has a burning need for, become the man who brings him down," he added.
Entertainer
Zelenskiy ran for president seemingly as a joke in 2019, but ended up defeating his arch-rival Petro Poroshenko in a runoff by more than 70% of the vote.
He was catapulted to national fame while playing a foul-mouthed school teacher on TV who became president after one of his students filmed his profane rant against corruption and posted it online.
The evening comedy show captured the zeitgeist just as the country was gripped by cataclysmic change following a 2014 pro-EU revolution that ousted a Kremlin-backed leader, followed by war in the east against Russian-backed separatists.
Using the same approach then as now, Zelensky campaigned for president aware of the political power of social media, eschewing traditional interviews and rallies in favour of addresses posted online that sought to play up his down-to-earth charm.
Poroshenko mocked the Ukrainian-language skills of his opponent, a primarily Russian speaker from the central industrial city of Krivy Rig, and said he lacked the political stature to stand up to Putin.
"I'm not a politician, I'm just an ordinary guy come to break the system," Zelenskiy responded before the second round, cementing a view among critics that he lacked the seriousness and gravitas required for the job.
In his inauguration speech, he vowed that he had "tried to do all I could to make Ukrainians smile" and now wanted to "do all I can so that Ukrainians don't cry."
In the three years since taking power, he struggled to deliver on his main pre-election promises — namely ending the conflict in the east, and tackling the scourge of corruption that blights the lives of most Ukrainians.
The coronavirus pandemic and ongoing economic problems had also eroded confidence in his leadership.
But domestic political issues have been put to one side in what is seen by many Ukrainians as a fight for survival.
"Vasylkiv, Kyiv, Chernigiv, Sumy, Kharkiv and many other towns in Ukraine are living in conditions that were last experienced on our lands during World War II," Zelenskiy said in another address posted online on Sunday.
