Russia's support for new UN sanctions against Iran and its help on Afghanistan show how Washington's "reset" of relations with Moscow is delivering results, President Barack Obama's top adviser on Russia said.
Moscow had strongly resisted applying further international pressure on Iran over its nuclear program but has now agreed to a new set of sanctions and criticized Tehran's lack of cooperation.
"We believe that's a concrete achievement of resetting relations with Russia," Obama's senior director for Russian affairs, Michael McFaul, told reporters late Thursday night.
McFaul, in Russia to meet government officials and civil society leaders, also attributed other foreign policy successes to Obama's move to start afresh with Russia after rocky relations during the presidency of George W. Bush.
Russia's help in allowing supplies through its territory to NATO troops in Afghanistan, its agreement to a treaty cutting nuclear arms, its support in curbing nuclear proliferation and its cooperation over North Korea were all examples, he added.
"We're trying to establish a substantive relationship with the Russian government," McFaul said. "We're not aspiring to a 'good' relationship or a 'happy' relationship. … It's about substance. We believe that if there is real substance, that will change the mood."
Disagreements remain over issues such as Georgia, where Russia has recognized two pro-Moscow rebel regions as independent states while Washington wants to see them back under Georgian sovereignty.
"To be very candid … I don't see us having a strategy that can actually achieve that goal of reunifying Georgia's borders," McFaul said.
McFaul said Obama had established a good working relationship with President Dmitry Medvedev — whom he described as the U.S. leader's principal interlocutor in Russia.
"By getting a lot of this stuff done, they've now managed to get to know each other fairly well and got into some incredible levels of detail when it comes to arms control and Security Council resolutions," he said.
Within Russia, Medvedev is widely viewed as the junior partner in a ruling "tandem" with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
But McFaul said protocol dictated that Medvedev should be Obama's main point of contact and added that "it would be foolish of us to play a game between Putin and Medvedev."
McFaul conceded that domestic affairs in Russia presented a more mixed picture. "There's some good things, there's some bad things, and there's most things that haven't changed," he said.
Among "atrocious, tragic things," McFaul mentioned the death in pretrial detention of Hermitage Capital lawyer Sergei Magnitsky. But he also noted that Medvedev had signed a new law limiting pretrial detention for economic crimes.
Some Russian opposition figures have criticized Washington for playing down human rights and democracy issues so as to improve the relationship with Moscow, but McFaul insisted that the Obama administration gave equal weight to contacts with Russia's civil society and political opposition.
During the week in Moscow, McFaul said he had met opposition politicians, opposition media, human rights activists, Magnitsky's mother and a lawyer acting for jailed former Yukos CEO Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
A U.S. source, speaking on condition of anonymity, said Washington's top priorities now for Russia were to help secure its membership in the World Trade Organization, to agree on cooperation on missile defense and to resolve economic disputes including getting access for U.S. poultry to the Russian market.