All 142 senators present voted to endorse a decision by regional legislatures to support a longer presidency, the last legislative step in the approval process.
President Dmitry Medvedev proposed the reform in his annual address last month. Officials justified the change, which will take effect from the next presidential election in 2012, on the grounds of the country's size and complexity.
Last month, the State Duma and the Federation Council both passed the amendment, which also extends the term of the State Duma from four to five years. The amendment will become law once Medvedev has signed it.
Kremlin critics say the change could be part of a plan for Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Medvedev's predecessor and mentor, to return to his old job, although officials deny this.
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