Jackson, 27, the world champion, was always in control of the race as he flowed over the hurdles with rhythm and control to win in 13.08 seconds half a stride ahead at the finish.
Schwarthoff did well to take the silver in 13.16 ahead of Britain's world silver medallist Tony Jarrett who clocked 13.23.
The 110 hurdles was the climax of the sixth day of the championships, which were marked by British success on the track, a rare piece of chivalry in the 3,000 metres steeplechase and a fourth European title for Germany's evergreen long jumper Heike Drechsler.
Sally Gunnell completed her triple as she won the women's 400-meter title to add to her Olympic gold medal and world title.
Gunnell's easy victory of 55.32 seconds was the fastest time in the world this season as she won by nearly eight meters over Silvia Rieger of Germany, who edged Anna Knoroz of Russia for the silver medal.
"I wanted to go out and win and by the looks of it, I did it in style," Gunnell said.
Italians Alessandro Lambruschini and Angelo Carosi went one-two in the 3,000 steeplechase with Lambruschini winning in 8 minutes, 22.40 seconds. William Van Dijck of Belgium was third in 8:24.86.
The Italians may have had a sweep of the top three positions in the steeplechase. But defending champion Francesco Panetta bumped Lambruschini on the second lap and both went down briefly. Lambruschini recovered quicker while Panetta went on to finish eighth.
Germany's Heike Drechsler took her third consecutive women's long jump title, winning again in the same stadium where she won a world title 11 years ago.
The former East German added another European title with a leap of 7.14 meters over Inessa Kravets of Ukraine. Fiona May, a former British jumper now competing for Italy after her marriage, was third.
In the women's javelin, Trine Hattestad became Norway's third winner as she captured the title with a toss of 68.00 meters.
In late Thursday competition, Irina Privalova of Russia became the first double winner at the championships, adding the women's 200 title to her 100 victory.
Privalova took the half-lap with a time of 22.32 seconds. On Monday Privalova took the 100 in 11.02. Second was Ukraine Zhanna Tarnopolskaya in 22.70. The Ukraine runner was also silver medalist in the 100. Russian Galina Malchugina placed third in 22.90.
Privalova is looking for more gold.
"There is a chance to win two more medals in both relays," Privalova said. "I feel good and I am ready to take this big burden. Let's wait and see."
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