American soccer's founding fathers
07 June 1994
By Alan Baldwin
Tired of World Cup hype? How about a game of Pasuckquakkohowog?The United States has no professional outdoor soccer league, few truly world class players and a public who by and large cannot tell a header from a hat trick. But those who sniff at the country hosting the World Cup would be wrong to say the game has no history here. It's just a little hard to talk about.World Cup teams arriving for the month-long tournament across America may be surprised to learn that when the Pilgrim Fathers landed in New England in 1620 they found the locals played a remarkably familiar game.Colonist William Wood, in his "New England Prospect" published in 1634, wrote that "the Indians played football during the summer months with a varying number of players involved, depending upon the circumstances."It was called Pasuckquakkohowog, translated roughly as "they gather to play football," and involved two teams kicking a medium-sized ball of deerskin stuffed with deer hair along a sandy beach, preferably a mile or so long.The late U.S. Soccer Federation historian Sam Foulds, quoting Wood in a history published in 1979, said the numbers varied from 30-a-side to up to 1,000 people. Two wooden goal posts were set up, one at each end, and a line was drawn to divide the "field" in half.Wood wrote that "village played against village and a large amount of property changed hands, depending on the outcome of the game. Surprisingly there was little quarreling." That was to come with the advent of soccer.Boston and New England can justifiably claim to be the birthplace for the game in America although St. Louis in the Midwest was more of a hotbed in later years.A monument on Boston Common, the oldest public park in America, commemorates the Oneida Football Club team which played there from 1862 to 1865 with red scarves tied around their heads and kicking a rubberized canvas ball. An inscription boasts that the club, founded by Gerrit Smith Miller, was the first organized club in the country and adds that "The Oneida goal was never crossed."Before them, students at Princeton University played a recognizable version of soccer called "ballown" and the first intercollegiate game between Princeton and Rutgers in 1869 was under English Football Association rules.The industrial city of Fall River, with its textile mills and high immigrant population, was a fertile ground for soccer talents as clubs and leagues sprung up in the 1920s.Top players were lured from Europe, and particularly Britain, with the prospect of earning three times the salaries they got at home under limits set by the leagues. Top foreign sides were invited to play American clubs. Support for the local teams was passionate.As soccer writer Paul Gardner retells in his book "The Simplest Game," soccer hooliganism -- as many Americans suppose -- is not merely something that happens abroad."American soccer, through its own slackness, was building up an image of riots and referee-bashing rather similar to that which had surrounded baseball at the turn of the century," Gardner writes of matches in the late 1920s.The New York Times of April 20, 1927, reporting a Uruguay-Boston match in Massachusetts, ran a headline "Four hurt in riot at soccer contest" with the words "members of team rushed from scene by police when crowd threatens." It added: "Boston athletes carried off as 2,000 persons swarm on field-referee's decision starts melee."Another headline, from 1928, reported a police battle with fans: "Nightsticks swing freely -- melee starts after Hispano Eleven beats Rovers for northern New Jersey title." The United States was one of the first to join world body FIFA, becoming a member in 1913 and reaching the semifinal of the first World Cup in Uruguay in 1930.The Great Depression, internal bickering among soccer leagues and the exclusion of soccer from the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics dealt the game a body blow but the country's finest hour came at the 1950 World Cup in Brazil.England had just rejoined FIFA and decided to participate in the World Cup for the first time. They drew the United States, a team of part-timers including mailmen, an undertaker and a factory worker among them -- and lost 1-0.The Italian referee said after the match in Belo Horizonte: "If I had not refereed the game myself, I would not have believed the result, no matter who had told me."Since the very earliest days it has been a commonplace, backed up by poor results and the indifference of much of the American public, that soccer is alien to Americans.The failure in the 1980s of the North American Soccer League, despite players such as Pele and Johan Cruyff, hardened the view that soccer and America do not mix."From time to time we hear the comment that American soccer does not have traditional American values," wrote Foulds."Usually this impression exists among people who have immigrated to the U.S. and who assume that soccer is a relatively new sport in America."Soccer was America's original football."
|
|
Tweet |
|
This article has no comments. Be the first to leave a comment |
Discussion
Comments
To post comments you must be registered
Comments via Facebook
Most Read
1.
City Mistakenly Plants Marijuana Field Instead of Lawn
After the city spread soil containing "grass" seeds around the Brateyevo metro station, a field of marijuana plants sprouted up instead of a lawn.
2.
Putin's Foreign Policy Goes on the Road
In a symbolic gesture, President Vladimir Putin on Thursday arrived in Minsk to pay his first foreign visit as head of state to controversial Belarussian leader Alexander Lukashenko.
3.
Ruble Hits Lowest Rate in 3 Years
The ruble dipped to a three-year low Thursday as oil prices fell further.
4.
European Debt Crisis Driving Workers East
Despite its inconveniences, Moscow has become a magnet for foreign job-seekers, as unemployment in Europe is hitting record highs amid the debt crisis.
5.
Businessman Shot in Central Moscow
A prominent business leader was shot and wounded by three masked men in the heart of Moscow on Friday — just steps away from FSB headquarters.
6.
Superjet Flight Data Recorder Found Near Volcano Crash Site
Villagers have found the flight data recorder from the Russian plane that slammed into an Indonesian volcano three weeks ago, killing 45 people.
7.
Duma Deputy Robbed at Ritzy Hotel
State Duma Deputy Gennady Gudkov was robbed at the upscale Hotel National across from the street from the Kremlin after a conference, Gudkov said Wednesday evening.
8.
China-Russia Airplane Venture Planned
United Aircraft Corporation and Chinese Commercial Aircraft Corporation plan to start a joint venture to develop long-haul aircraft.
9.
Fridman Wants Big Change at TNK-BP
TNK-BP co-owner Mikhail Fridman said BP's Soviet-born partners are urging the British company to return to talks about changing the proportion of the 50-50 partnership.
10.
BP Confirms Effort to Sell its TNK-BP Stake
BP has agreed to consider quitting its Russian joint venture in a move that could strip the British company of almost a third of its output and reverse the biggest investment in the Russian oil industry.
1.
City Mistakenly Plants Marijuana Field Instead of Lawn
After the city spread soil containing "grass" seeds around the Brateyevo metro station, a field of marijuana plants sprouted up instead of a lawn.
2.
Tabloid: Superjet Downed by U.S. Industrial Sabotage
A tabloid claims that Russian intelligence agencies are investigating the possibility that the U.S. military may have brought down the Sukhoi Superjet that crashed in Indonesia.
3.
McFaul Faces Kremlin Scorn Once Again
The Foreign Ministry assailed U.S. Ambassador Michael McFaul for comments the ministry said went "far beyond the bounds of diplomatic etiquette."
4.
Sweden Wins Eurovision; Grannies Take Second
Sweden’s Loreen won the Eurovision Song Contest in Azerbaijan on Sunday before an international TV audience of 100 million, days after angering Azeri authorities by meeting rights activists critical of the host country’s human rights record.
5.
Red Square Flyboy Regrets Air Stunt
When Mathias Rust landed his white Cessna on Red Square on May 28, 1987, he had placed all his hopes for world peace in Mikhail Gorbachev.
6.
Protest and Chaos Seen in Kudrin-Ordered Study
Continued protests in Russia will likely lead to violence or chaotic change, according to a new study ordered by the former finance minister.
7.
Russia's New Propaganda Minister
After Monday's announcement that historian Vladimir Medinsky was appointed the culture minister, critics quickly labeled him the new propaganda minister. Medinsky's academic ethics and historical distortions may raise serious questions, but for the Kremlin, he has three important attributes that are much more important: He is a model United Russia leader, a firm Putin loyalist and a skilled sophist.
8.
Ukraine in Uproar Over Status of Russian Language
Ukraine's ruling party has triggered violent protests with a move to upgrade the official role of Russian, a sensitive issue opponents say will split the country.
9.
150 Detained at Anti-Kremlin Rallies
About 150 people were detained Sunday as scores of people gathered for a series of anti-government demonstrations in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
10.
Vkontakte Founder Tosses 5,000-Ruble Notes Out Window
<p>The founder of the social networking site Vkontakte celebrated St. Petersburg’s 309th anniversary over the weekend by tossing paper airplanes carrying 5,000-ruble notes out a building window.</p>
1.
Hundreds of Arrests Set Grim Backdrop for Victory Day Celebrations
As Moscow gears up to celebrate its victory in World War II, 67 years ago Wednesday, the shadow of political conflict shrouds the capital as hundreds of arrests cloud Victory Day festivities.
2.
City Mistakenly Plants Marijuana Field Instead of Lawn
After the city spread soil containing "grass" seeds around the Brateyevo metro station, a field of marijuana plants sprouted up instead of a lawn.
3.
Russian Satellite Takes Highest-Ever Resolution Picture of Earth
A stunning 121-megapixel snapshot of the Earth was taken by a Russian weather satellite in what is thought to be the highest resolution picture of the planet ever taken from space.
4.
Bodies, No Survivors Spotted at Superjet Crash
Search and rescue helicopters and volunteers struggling through thick forest and mountainous terrain spotted bodies but no survivors on the Indonesian mountainside where a Sukhoi Superjet 100 crashed by the time darkness forced an end to the search Thursday night.
5.
Tabloid: Superjet Downed by U.S. Industrial Sabotage
A tabloid claims that Russian intelligence agencies are investigating the possibility that the U.S. military may have brought down the Sukhoi Superjet that crashed in Indonesia.
6.
Mysterious Photos Reveal an Unseen WWII
After the end of World War II, Paul Sadler returned home to Chicago with three German books and a photo album from the Dachau concentration camp.
7.
Furniture Magnate Shot Dead in Mercedes in Moscow Region
A 46-year-old furniture magnate was killed with six gunshot wounds to the head and chest early Sunday as he arrived in his Mercedes at his home in the Moscow region.
8.
Vladivostok Bridge Climbers Fined 300 Rubles Each
Three thrill-seekers who climbed two Vladivostok bridges earlier this week and took photos from the top were fined 300 rubles ($10) each for trespassing.
9.
New Cabinet Has Familiar Cast of Characters
President Vladimir Putin on Monday announced the makeup of the new Cabinet answering to Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, with three-fourths of the members having been replaced.
10.
Superjet Missing in Indonesia With 50 on Board
A dark cloud was cast Wednesday on the revival of Russia’s aviation industry when a Sukhoi-built Superjet 100 with 50 people on board disappeared from the radar screens of Indonesian flight controllers.


