?????…????????: down jacket, parka
Remember those "you know you've been in Russia too long when …" lists? Well, I have an addition. You know you've been in Russia too long when you have three dozen coats, jackets and other outdoor clothing for every conceivable and inconceivable weather condition, most of which involve cold temperatures and some form — or multiple forms — of precipitation.
My upstate New York outerwear consisted of a light coat, a winter coat, a raincoat and a dress coat. Throw in a parka and windbreaker, and call it a sartorial day.
Now let's take a look at my Moscow closet. For summer, the so-called "hot" season, I have ?»?‘???????? ???»?°?‰ (light raincoat), ???µ?‚?€???????° (windbreaker, recognizably from the word ???µ?‚?µ?€ — wind) ?? ???¶???????????°?? ?????€?‚???° (denim jacket). Note that in Russian, ?????€?‚???° is any short outerwear jacket. A jacket that is part of a suit is called ???????¶?°??. If you are feeling fashion-forward — and are a woman — you can call your jacket ?¶?°???µ?‚ or ?¶?°???µ?‚???°.
By August or September, those options won't do. Out comes the ???»?°?‰ ???° ?????????»?°?????µ (lined raincoat), which is heavier than the summer version and can withstand freezing rain, sleet and snow — you know, autumnal weather in the Russian capital. This might be ???»?°?‰-?‚?€?µ???‡ or just ?‚?€?µ???‡ (a trench coat).
Next to it in the closet is ???‚???€?????????° (storm jacket), which is a heavier, waterproof version of the ???µ?‚?€???????°. That usually covers dog walking in October and November. By December, I've pulled out three other jackets. The first is ?????…???????? (down jacket), which is quilted and filled with ?????… (down, feathers). That one is lighter than my second winter jacket, a ???°?€???° (parka), which is also down-filled and has a hood, but weighs so much that just putting it on is aerobic exercise.
In the world of Russian fashion, the terms ???°?€???° and ?????…???????? are often interchangeable today. But one kind of down jacket is always ???°?€???° — that's the ?°?»???????° (Alaska) or ???????€???µ?»??-???°?€???° (snorkel parka), originally a U.S. armed services parka that had a bright orange lining and a fur-lined hood. It zips up so high that there is only a small, narrow, snorkel-like opening at the top for important tasks like seeing and breathing.
And then I have ?????±?»?‘?????° (sheepskin jacket) for those truly cold days midwinter. When I was young and moderately cool, I also had ?????¶?°???°?? ?????€?‚???° (leather jacket), but never a ?????????…?°, a leather jacket that's usually black with the zipper set diagonally from the left hip to the right shoulder. That crosswise zipper gives the garment its name (from ???????? — slanting, at an angle) — and its supreme coolness.
That's the sportswear section of my closet. The work clothes section has ???°?»???‚??, an undeclinable noun that means any coat that is knee-length or longer. I used to have just one kind of heavy coat — ?·???????µ?µ ???°?»???‚?? (winter coat). For Moscow, there is another kind — ???µ???????µ?·?????????µ (mid-weight, in-between), that is, what you wear in the fall. When you move to Moscow, you will discover that what you thought was ?·???????µ?µ ???°?»???‚?? is actually ???µ???????µ?·?????????µ ???°?»???‚??.
After one winter in Moscow, you will also want to abandon your morals and buy ?????±?° (fur coat) or maybe ?????»???????±???? (fur jacket), if only to fit in with everyone else on the metro. You resist. By the second winter you begin to think: It's either me or the minks. By the third winter, you fit in.
Michele A. Berdy, a Moscow-based translator and interpreter, is author of "The Russian Word's Worth" (Glas), a collection of her columns.