CAPE CANAVERAL — NASA extended its contract with Russia to fly astronauts to the International Space Station due to budget cuts that have delayed commercial U.S. alternatives, the U.S. space agency said on Wednesday.
Extending the contract through 2017 will cost the United States about $490 million, NASA chief Charles Bolden wrote in a letter to Congress.
The deal for U.S. taxpayers to pay Moscow more than $80 million per seat on a Soyuz rocket comes at a time when Washington is ratcheting up sanctions against Russia in response to its actions in Ukraine.
"Unfortunately, for five years now, the Congress … has not adequately funded the Commercial Crew Program to return human spaceflight launches to American soil this year, as planned," Bolden wrote.
"This has resulted in continued sole reliance on the Russian Soyuz spacecraft as our crew transport vehicle for American and international partner crews," he added.
NASA retired its space shuttles in 2011. It is partnering with privately owned SpaceX and Boeing to develop space taxis that can ferry astronauts to and from the station, a $100 billion research laboratory that flies about 250 miles (402 kilometers) above Earth.
NASA had hoped to begin U.S. flights by 2017, but House and Senate budget proposals for the fiscal year beginning on Oct. 1 would short the agency's Commercial Crew Program, likely resulting in additional delays and higher costs, Bolden wrote.
Bolden's letter was sent to the heads of congressional committees that oversee NASA, the agency said.
The reliance on Russia for station crew transportation stands in sharp contrast to a congressional ban on imports of Russian rocket engines for U.S. military satellite launches.
Spurred by Russia's involvement in Ukraine, the ban covers Russian-built RD-180 engines used in United Launch Alliance's Atlas 5 rockets. United Launch Alliance is a partnership of Lockheed Martin and Boeing.
Also on Wednesday, Orbital ATK, one of two companies that fly cargo to the space station under a separate NASA program, said a pair of Russian engines for its refurbished Antares rocket had arrived in the United States. Orbital's rocket has been grounded since a launch accident in October.
The rocket is expected to return to flight in March.
The congressional ban on Russian rocket engines does not affect non-military missions.